Preface and Acknowledgments.
1. Introducing Utilitarianism.
Utilitarianism, Law and Society.
Understanding Utilitarianism.
Two Rival Nonconsequentialist Theories.
The Deathbed Promise.
Consequences, Actual and Probable.
Average versus Total Happiness.
2. Welfare, Happiness, and the Good. .
Bentham's Hedonism.
Mill's View of Pleasure and Happiness.
A Problem for Mental-State Accounts of Well-Being.
Well-Being as the Satisfaction of Desire.
Objective Theories of WellBeing.
Where This Lack of Consensus Leaves Utilitarianism.
3. Arguing for Utilitarianism.
Bentham and the Principle of Utility.
Mill: Proof and Sentiment.
Self-Evidence and the Language of Morality.
Utilitarianism and Commonsense Morality.
The Case against Deontology.
The Appeal of Utilitarianism.
4. Objections to Utilitarianism.
Utilitarianism Condones Immoral Conduct.
Promises and Particularity of Obligation.
The Distribution of Welfare.
Is Utilitarianism Too Demanding?.
5. Refining Utilitarianism. .
Second-Order Moral Judgements.
Moives, Dispositions, and Traits of Character.
The Importance of Secondary Rule.
The Rules of the Ordinary Morality.
Two Levels of Moral Thinking.
Rule Utilitarianism.
6. Rights, Liberty, and Punishment.
The Criminal Justice System.
The Nature and Function of Rights.
The Nature and Function of Rights.
Personal Liberty.
7. Justice, Welfare, and Economic Distribution. .
Some facts about Poverty and Inequality.
Thinking about Justice.
Nozick's Libertarianism.
Rawl's Theory of Justice.
Utilitarianism and Distributive Equality.
8. Virtue, Personal Life, and the Demands of Morality. .
Good-Bye to Normative Theory?.
Utilitarianism and the Virtues.
Moral Fanacticism and the things we value.
Those Who Are Near and Dear.
The Personal Point of View.
The Needs of Strangers.
Bibliography.
Index.
William H. Shaw is Professor of Philosophy and Chair of the Philosophy Department at San Jose State University. The author of Business Ethics, Moore on Right and Wrong, and Marx's Theory of History, he was a Fulbright fellow at the University of Zimbabwe and a von Humboldt fellow at the Freie Universitä Berlin.
"Shaw sets out to do two things: to introduce students to moral
philosophy in general, and to explore utilitarianism in all its
facets. He has pulled off this dual task better than one could have
imagined. All the central questions in moral philosophy are
discussed, and without this ever seeming to be irrelevant to the
full discussion of utilitarianism. Shaw's interweaving of the
topics is simply mawsterful." Brad Hooker, University of
Reading
" Shaw's book has many strengths. Throughout, it is informed by an
impressive familiarity with not only the current content but also
the history of utilitarian thought; and the historical material,
though ample, never compromises either the topical unity of each
chapter or the logical progression of the book. Moreover, the
overall organization of the book is thoughtful, with the second
half of the book not only succeeding but effectively reinforcing
and deepening - but without being repetitive of - the first half.
As a result of this subtle construction (but also because of its
thoroughness), this book is longer than...others, but Shaw's
polished and unobtrusive writing style make it easy to get through.
Perhaps its greatest strength, though, is its honesty and fairness:
although Shaw is clearly a supporter of utilitarianism, he explains
its rivals sympathetically, and he openly acknowledges those points
where utilitarianism is weak. This fairness, as well as being
intrinsically desirable, makes the book very safe for use in the
classroom...It is easily the best of these books for most purposes
generally and as an introduction to utilitarianism specifically."
Ben Eggleston, Mind, Vol.109, No.436, October 2000.
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