About the Author

Mario Biagioli is Distinguished Professor of Law and Communication at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Yves Gingras is Professor and Canada Research Chair in History and Sociology of Science, Department of History, at Universite du Quebec Montreal.

Paul Wouters is Professor of Scientometrics and Director of the Centre for Science and Technology Studies at Leiden University.

James R. Griesemer is Professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of California, Davis.

Emmanuel Didier is a Full Professor at the Centre Maurice Halbwachs at cole Normale Superieure, Paris, and a member of the Center for the Study of Invention and Social Process at Goldsmiths, University of London. He isa founding member of EpiDaPo (Epigenetics, Data, Politics), initially a joint research unit of CNRS and UCLA. He taught at the University of Chicago and at UCLA and now teaches at Ecole Normale Superieure and Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Economique, both in Paris.

Finn Brunton is Assistant Professor of Media, Culture, and Communication at New York University and the author of Spam- A Shadow History of the Internet (MIT Press).