Table of Contents

1. First Principles.- 1.1 Relativity and Equivalence.- 1.2 Action.- 1.3 Information and Probability.- 1.4 Uncertainty and Indeterminacy.- 2. Quantal Bits.- 2.1 Creation and Annihilation.- 2.2 Classical Geometry on a Sphere.- 2.3 Spin and Rotation.- 2.4 Lorentz Transformations.- 2.5 Translations in Space and Time.- 2.6 Elementary String Theory.- 2.7 Summary.- 3. Events in Space and Time.- 3.1 Projective Geometries.- 3.2 Classical Geometry of Space-Time.- 3.3 Changes of Observational Frame.- 3.4 Events as Quantal Information.- 3.5 Fermions in Space-Time.- 3.6 Summary.- 4. Quantal ‘Tapes’.- 4.1 Representation of States of Higher Spin.- 4.2 Maxwell’s Equations and the Photon.- 4.3 Systems of Fermions.- 4.4 Bosons.- 4.5 Observables with Continuous Spectra.- 4.6 Summary.- 5. Observables and Information.- 5.1 Relativistic and Non-relativistic Approximations.- 5.2 Non-relativistic Quantum Mechanics.- 5.3 Uncertainty Relations.- 5.4 Special Relativistic Quantum Mechanics.- 5.5 Selected and Unselected Observables.- 5.6 The Fundamental Observables of Physics.- 5.7 Statistical Physics.- 5.8 Theory of Electrolytes.- 5.9 Summary.- 6. Quantized Field Theories.- 6.1 Free Field Theories.- 6.2 Interacting Fields.- 6.3 Quantum Electrodynamics.- 6.4 Gauge Groups and String Theories.- 7. Gravitation.- 7.1 Geometry in Terms of Quantal Information.- 7.2 Quantum Geometry.- 7.3 Einstein’s Gravitational Field Equations.- 7.4 Quantal Embedding.- 7.5 Gauge Theories with Gravitation.- 7.6 Summary.- 8. Measurement and the Observer.- 8.1 Detectors and Measuring Devices.- 8.2 Qubits of Fluctuating Electrolytic Potentials.- 8.3 Cells and Membranes.- 8.4 The Animal Cortex.- 8.5 Theory of Consciousness.- 8.6 Consciousness in Nature.- A. Appendix: Matrices.- A.1 Definitions and ElementaryProperties.- A.1.1 Direct Products and Vector Subscripts.- A.1.2 The Imaginary Unit as a Matrix.- A.2 Determinants.- A.3 Eigenvalues of Matrices.- A.3.1 Reduction of a Finite Matrix to Spectral Form.- A.3.2 Representation of Observables by Matrices.- A.4 The Factorization Method.- A.5 Continuous Eigenvalues.- A.6 Parafermion Representations of Lie Algebras.

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