Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Some Basic Concepts
Units
The Environment as Compartments
Mass Balances
Eulerian and Lagrangian Coordinate Systems
Steady-State and Equilibrium
Diffusive and Non-Diffusive Environmental Transport Processes
Residence Times and Persistence
Real and Evaluative Environments
Summary
Environmental Chemicals and Their Properties
Introduction and Data Sources
Identifying Priority Chemicals
Key Chemical Properties and Classes
The Nature of Environmental Media
Introduction
The Atmosphere
The Hydrosphere or Water
Bottom Sediments
Soils
Summary
Phase Equilibrium
Introduction
Properties of Pure Substances
Properties of Solutes in Solution
Partition Coefficients
Environmental Partition Coefficients and Z Values
Multimedia Partitioning Calculations
Level I Calculations
Advection and Reactions
Introduction
Advection
Degrading Reactions
Combined Advection and Reaction
Unsteady-State Calculations
The Nature of Environmental Reactions
Level II Computer Calculations
Summary
Intermedia Transport
Introduction
Diffusive and Nondiffusive Processes
Molecular Diffusion Within a Phase
Turbulent or Eddy Diffusion Within a Phase
Unsteady-State Diffusion
Diffusion in Porous Media
Diffusion Between Phases: The Two-Resistance Concept
Measuring Transport D Values
Combining Series and Parallel D Values
Level III Calculations
Unsteady-State Conditions (Level IV)
Applications of Fugacity Models
Introduction, Scope and Strategies
Level I, II and III Models
An Air-Water Exchange Model
A Surface Soil Model
A Sediment-Water Exchange Model
Qwasi Model of Chemical Fate in a Lake
Qwasi Model of Chemical Fate in Rivers
Qwasi Multi-Segment Models
A Fish Bioaccumulation Model
Sewage Treatment Plants
Indoor Air Models
Uptake by Plants
Pharmacokinetic Models
Human Exposure to Chemicals
The PBT-LRT Attributes
Global Models
Closure