List of Figures ix
Acknowledgments xi
About the Authors xv
Introduction xvii
Part One Laying the Foundation for Power 1
One Six Powers of Making Thinking Visible 3
Fostering Deep Learning 6
Cultivating Engaged Students 7
Changing the Role of the Student and Teacher 9
Enhancing Our Formative Assessment Practice 11
Improving Learning (Even When Measured by Standardized Tests) 13
Developing Thinking Dispositions 17
Conclusion 19
Two Making Thinking Visible: A Goal and Set of Practices 21
Making Thinking Visible as a Goal of Teaching 23
Making Thinking Visible as a Set of Practices 24
Organizing Thinking Routines 33
Part Two Eighteen Powerful Routines 37
Three Routines for Engaging with Others 39
Give One Get One 42
Ladder of Feedback 50
The Leaderless Discussion 59
SAIL: Share-Ask-Ideas-Learned 67
Making Meaning 76
+1 Routine 86
Four Routines for Engaging with Ideas 95
Question Sorts 98
Peeling the Fruit 107
The Story Routine: Main-Side-Hidden 117
Beauty & Truth 124
NDA 132
Take Note 140
Five Routines for Engaging in Action 147
PG&E: Predict–Gather–Explain 150
ESP+I 158
Be-Sure-To 166
What? So What? Now What? 174
The 3 Y’s 182
The 4 If ’s 190
Part Three Realizing the Power 199
Six Using Thinking Routines for Maximum Effect 201
Planning for Thinking 204
Being Primed for Thinking 211
Pressing for Thinking 215
Positioning for Thinking 219
Seven Learning to Support One Another as We Make Thinking Visible 223
Beyond the Toolset: Developing Our Skills at Using the Tools 226
Beyond the Skill Set: The Mindsets That Motivate Action 231
Supports for Developing Skill Sets and Mindsets 233
In Conclusion 239
References 241
Index 245
RON RITCHHART is a Senior Research Associate at Harvard Project Zero and Fellow at the University of Melbourne, Australia. His current research focuses on developing intellectual character, making thinking visible, and promoting deep learning.
MARK CHURCH has been an educator for over twenty years and has particular interest in helping teachers and school leaders think deeply about their efforts to cultivate thinking and learning opportunities for students.
Ron Ritchhart and Mark Church (with Karin Morrison) are the coauthors of Making Thinking Visible.
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