Table of Contents

Professional Knowledge and Reflection-In-Action * The Crisis of Confidence in Professional Knowledge * From Technical Rationality to Reflection-in-Action Professional Contexts for Reflection-In-Action * Design as a Reflective Conversation with the Situation * Psychotherapy: The Patient as a Universe of One * The Structure of Reflection-in-Action * Reflective Practice in the Science-Based Professions * Town Planning: Limits to Reflection-in-Action * The Art of Managing: Reflection-in-Action Within an Organizational Learning System * Patterns and Limits of Reflection-in-Action Across the Professions Conclusion * Implications for the Professions and Their Place in Society

About the Author

Donald A. Schön is Ford Professor of Urban Studies and Education at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.