Table of Contents

Contents - 6 Acknowledgements - 8 Introduction - 10 1. Theorizing identity: music and youth culture - 50 2. An outline of the Dutch-Maroccan music scene - 82 3. Music, events and idetification processes - 114 4. Music, Islam, and gender - 142 5. Dutch-Maroccan hip-hop and stereotypes - 190 Conclusion - 232 Suggestions for further study - 240 Appendix - 244 Notes - 246 Bibliography - 254 Summary in Dutch - 272 Curriculum vitae - 280