Table of Contents

Acknowledgements ... xi List of Abbreviations ... xiii Currencies, Weights and Measurements ... xv Introduction ... xvii 1. The Straits of Melaka and the Trading World ... 1 2. The Geography and Trade of Melaka, 1780-1830 ... 35 3. The Geography and Trade of Penang, 1786-1830 ... 69 4. Trade in the Straits: Melaka and Penang, 1780-1830 ... 105 5. Urban Traditions, Geography and Morphology ... 123 6. Population Growth in Melaka and Penang, 1780-1830 ... 162 7. Dutch Urban Administration in Melaka ... 197 8. British Urban Administration in Penang ... 237 9. Melaka Society, 1780-1830 ... 271 10. Penang: a Port-town of Migrants, 1786-1830 ... 294 11. Conclusion ... 320Bibliography ... 344 Index ... 369