Acknowledgements
Introduction
0.1 The Environmental Crisis is Caused by Modern Technology-Based
Lifestyles
0.2 Introduction to Seyyed Hossein Nasr
0.3 Failures of Mainstream Environmentalism
0.4 The Role for Religions and the Significance of Nasr
0.5 Nasr on Technological Solutions
0.6 Nasr and the Perennial Philosophy
0.7 Nasr and Traditional Islam
0.8 Environmentalism in the Muslim World and Nasr
0.9 The Need for a Sacred Science
0.10 Introduction Summary
Chapter 1
A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL ROOTS OF THE
ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS
1.1 Nature in the Pre-Modern Christian Europe
1.2 The Root is in Rationalism
1.3 The Renaissance Humanism and the Emergence of the Promethean
Man
1.4 Scientific Revolution and the Divorce of Science from
Metaphysics
1.5 Scientism and Scientific Progressivism during the Enlightenment
and Beyond
1.6 Nasr’s General Recommendations for all Civilizations
1.7 Chapter Summary
Chapter 2
THE PERENNIAL PRINCIPLES AND THE METAPHYSICS OF NATURE WITHIN
ISLAM
2.1 The Perennial Principles and the Islamic Tradition
2.2 Metaphysical Exposition of Tawhid and Hierarchy of Reality
2.3 Chapter Summary
Chapter 3
METAPHYSICS, SUFISM, AND ISLAMIC ETHICS
3.1 Nasr’s Strategies for the Dissemination and Application of the
Knowledge of Islamic
Environmental Ethics
3.2 Religious and Metaphysical Doctrines at the Foundation of
Islamic Ethics
3.3 The Metaphysics of the Hierarchy of Reality Provides the
Rationale for Shari‘a
3.4 Sufism and the Supremacy of Knowledge by the Heart
3.5 Sufi Popularization of Nature’s Wonder
3.6 Chapter Summary
Chapter 4
THE ADVENT OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESSIVISM AND THE MARGINALIZATION OF
SUFISM
4.1 Nasr on the Contemporary Muslim Attitude towards Modern Science
and Technology
4.2 The Advent of Scientific Progressivism
4.3 The Salafi Modernists
4.4 Conservative Salafi Rejection of Secularism
4.5 Revivalist/Revolutionary Salafi Movements
4.6 Transcendence of God and the Growing Affinity between Wahhabis
and Salafis
4.7 Chapter Summary
Chapter 5
THE PERENNIAL PRINCIPLES AND THE TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC SCIENCES
5.1 Traditional Islamic Sciences
5.2 Classification of Sciences
5.3 Example of the Traditional Scientists
5.4 Chapter Summary
Chapter 6
NASR’S CRITIQUE OF MODERN SCIENCE AND SCIENTISM
6.1 Nasr and the Philosophy of Science
6.2 Limitations of Modern Science
6.3 Scientism Denies tawhid and the Hierarchy of Reality
6.4 Scientism Denies any Ultimate Meaning or Purpose
6.5 Scientism in Action
6.6 Nasr’s Arguments against the Theory of Evolution
6.7 Modern Science as a Way of Takthir
6.8 Takthir, the Environmental Crisis, and the Predicament for
Muslims
6.9 Chapter Summary
Chapter 7
TECHNOLOGY IS NOT VALUE-NEUTRAL
7.1 Work and Spirituality in Islam
7.2 The Machine and its Relationship with the Human Being
7.3 Preservation and Revival of Traditional Modes of Production
7.4 Chapter Summary
Chapter 8
TOWARDS AN ISLAMIC SCIENCE
8.1 Why Metaphysics? Why the Metaphysics of Mulla Sadra?
8.2 An Outline of Sadra’s Natural Philosophy
8.3 Implications of Mulla Sadra’s Natural Philosophy
8.4 Technology Based on the New Islamic Science
8.5 The Debate over Islamic Science
8.6 Reform of Educational Institutions
8.7 Chapter Summary
Chapter 9
CONCLUSION
9.1 Summary of Nasr’s Approach for the Islamic World
9.2 What Have We Achieved?
9.3 Final Reflections
Bibliography
Index
Tarik M. Quadir, PhD, studied at Swarthmore College, George Washington University, Harvard University, and the University of Birmingham, UK. He currently teaches at the Necmettin Erbakan University in Turkey. Quadir’s research interests include Sufism, the history of science, Islamic thought, environmentalism, peace-making, and South Asian religions.
Dr. Tarik Quadir’s present work on environmentalism is perhaps one
of the best studies on the subject to have appeared in recent
years. Through his thorough exposition of the environmental
philosophy of Seyyed Hossein Nasr . . . and his spiritual approach
to the contemporary environmental crisis, Dr. Quadir has succeeded
in articulating a veritable alternative to mainstream approaches to
environmentalism.
*Osman Bakar, chair professor and director, Sultan Omar Ali
Saifuddien Centre of Islamic Studies, Universiti Brunei
Darussalam*
Quadir has produced a brilliant work of research far transcending
the book’s focus on technology, science, and environmentalism. . .
. Accompanied by a plethora of notes [from] diverse sources, Quadir
offers us a highly nuanced, intricately crafted investigation of
the philosophical and ethical thinking underlying the
environmentalist issue in modern Islam and the contemporary
West.
*Leonard Lewisohn, PhD, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies,
University of Exeter*
[Regarding] the disclosure of the spiritual roots of the
environmental crisis, it is no exaggeration to say that Seyyed
Hossein Nasr is a visionary: for over half a century, he has been
calling out on behalf of Mother Nature, articulating a vision of
ecological harmony, and eliciting from many who share that vision a
spiritual change of direction, a metanoia. . . . [R]ecommended
reading for those wishing to know what they can do, at the deepest
level, about the environmental crisis.
*Reza Shah-Kazemi, PhD, author of The Other in the Light of the One
and Paths to Transcendence*
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