Table of Contents

Introduction xv

Acronyms and Abbreviations xvii

Chapter 1 Background and History 1

What is an IEEE standard? 1

The 802.15 family 2

Why 802.15.3? 4

History of 802.15.3 6

Chapter 2 802.15.3 applications 13

The high-rate WPAN theme 13

Still image applications 14

Telephone quality audio applications 16

High quality audio applications 17

Gaming applications 18

Video and multimedia applications 19

Chapter 3 Overview of the IEEE 802.15.3 standard 23

Elements of the 802.15.3 piconet 25

PHY overview 28

Starting a piconet 31

The superframe 32

Joining and leaving a piconet 34

Connecting with other devices 35

Dependent piconets 36

Obtaining information 39

Power management 40

System changes 43

Implementation cost and complexity 44

Chapter 4 MAC functionality 47

MAC terminology in IEEE Std 802.15.3 47

Frame formats 49

Piconet timing and superframe structure 51

Interframe spacings 53

Contention access period (CAP) 55

Channel time allocation period (CTAP) 56

Comparing the contention access methods 60

Guard time 63

The role of the PNC 66

Starting a piconet 66

Handing over control 66

Ending a piconet 72

Joining and leaving the piconet 73

Association 74

Broadcasting piconet information 77

Disassociation 78

Assigning DEVIDs 80

Managing bandwidth 81

Acknowledgements 81

Asynchronous data 87

Stream connections 92

Fragmentation/defragmentation 96

Retransmissions and duplicate detection 99

Power management 100

Common characteristics of the SPS modes 104

Analyzing power save efficiencies 107

Switching PM modes 110

Managing SPS sets 114

DSPS mode 118

Allocating channel time for DSPS DEVs 119

PSPS mode 124

APS mode 126

Changing piconet parameters 128

Beacon announcements 129

Dynamic channel selection 132

Changing the PNID or BSID 134

Moving the beacon or changing the superframe duration 136

Finding information 138

Probe 139

Announce 143

PNC Information 145

Channel status 148

PNC channel scanning 150

Remote scan 152

Piconet services 154

Other capabilities 157

Transmit power control 157

Multirate capabilities 159

Extensibility of the standard 160

Example of the life cycle of a DEV 162

Chapter 5 Dependent piconets 165

Introduction 165

Starting a dependent piconet 168

Parent PNC ceasing operations with dependent piconets 174

Parent PNC stopping a dependent piconet 176

Handing over PNC responsibilities in a dependent piconet 177

Chapter 6 Security 187

Introduction and history 187

Security modes and policies 190

Security services provided in mode 1 191

Security policies 193

Symmetric key security suite 195

Overview of AES CCM 195

Key distribution 197

Security information 199

Chapter 7 2.4 GHz PHY 203

Overview 203

General PHY requirements 205

Channel plan 205

Timing issues 206

Miscellaneous PHY requirements 213

PHY frame format 213

Stuff bits and tail symbols 214

Frame format 215

PHY preamble 217

Data size restrictions 219

Modulation 220

Receiver performance 224

Transmitter performance 228

Regulatory and requirements 233

Delay spread performance 234

Mitigating the effects of delay spread 236

Fading channel model used for 802.15.3 237

Defining delay spread performance 239

Delay spread measurements 240

Radio architectures 244

Superheterodyne 245

Direct conversion 248

Walking IF 250

Low IF 253

Summary of radio architectures 256

Chapter 8 2.4 Interfacing to 802.15.3 257

The PIBs and their interface 261

MLME SAP 262

PLME SAP 265

MAC SAP 265

PHY SAP 266

The FCSL 268

Chapter 9 2.4 Coexistence mechanisms 271

Introduction 271

Coexistence techniques in 802.15.3 271

Passive scanning 273

The ability to request channel quality information 273

Dynamic channel selection 273

Link quality and RSSI 274

Channel plan that minimizes channel overlap 274

Transmit power control 275

Lower impact transmit spectral mask 275

Neighbor piconet capability 276

Coexistence results 278

Assumptions for coexistence simulations 278

BER calculations 280

802.11b and 802.15.3 282

802.15.1 and 802.11 FHSS overlapping with 802.15.3 288

Summary 291

References 295

Glossary 299

Index 305

About the Author

James P. K. Gilb received the Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering in 1987 from the Arizona State University, graduating magna cum laude. In 1989, he received the Master of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from the same institution and was named the Outstanding Graduate of the Graduate College. He received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering in 1999, also from Arizona State University. From 1993 to 1995, he worked as an Electrical Engineer at the Hexcel Corporation’s Advanced Products Division, which was subsequently bought by the Northrop Grumman Corporation, developing advanced artificial electromagnetic materials, radar absorbing materials, and radar absorbing structures. He joined the Motorola Corporation in 1995, working initially for the Government Systems Technology Group as an RFIC designer and radio system designer. In 1999, he moved to the Semiconductor Products Sector as a Technical Staff Engineer (Member of Technical Staff) where he worked on a variety of radio systems. He developed radio architectures and specifications for new products and provided input for new process development. He joined the Mobilian Corporation in 2000, as a Senior Staff Engineer, where he developed the radio architecture and wrote the specification for the RF/analog chip that supported simultaneous operation of IEEE Std 802.11 and Bluetooth. He was also responsible for! the detailed design and layout for the front-end RF circuits of the chip. He is currently the Director of Radio Engineering at Appairent Technologies where he is responsible for overseeing the implementation of the complete physical layer for IEEE Std 802.15.3. He has been the Technical Editor of the IEEE 802.15.3 Task Group since 2000 and was responsible for issuing all revisions of the draft standard. He has five patents issued and many papers published in refereed journals.